IP CHECKSUM CALCULATION

The IP Header Checksum is computed on the header fields only. 
Before starting the calculation, the checksum fields (octets 11 and 12) 
are made equal to zero. 

In the example code, 
u16 buff[] is an array containing all octets in the header with octets 11 and 12 equal to zero. 
u16 len_ip_header is the length (number of octets) of the header.



/*
**************************************************************************
Function: ip_sum_calc
Description: Calculate the 16 bit IP sum.
***************************************************************************
*/
typedef unsigned short u16;
typedef unsigned long u32;

u16 ip_sum_calc(u16 len_ip_header, u16 buff[])
{
u16 word16;
u32 sum=0;
u16 i;
    
	// make 16 bit words out of every two adjacent 8 bit words in the packet
	// and add them up
	for (i=0;i<len_ip_header;i=i+2){
		word16 =((buff[i]<<8)&0xFF00)+(buff[i+1]&0xFF);
		sum = sum + (u32) word16;	
	}
	
	// take only 16 bits out of the 32 bit sum
	while (sum>>16)
	  sum = (sum & 0xFFFF)+(sum >> 16);

	// one's complement the result
	sum = ~sum;
	
return ((u16) sum);
}