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This chapter describes use of physical and virtual terminals on the router/bridge product. The tasks covered include:
This chapter concludes with an alphabetical summary of the commands it describes.
A TCP/IP Telnet connection is the basic way to communicate from a terminal to a host on a network. The Cisco Systems network servers provide Telnet communication as defined in RFC 854 and the MIL STD 1782 specification.
To start a Telnet connection, type a host name or a dotted-decimal Internet address at the EXEC prompt. You may precede the host name or Internet address with the command connect or telnet. This can be helpful if the host name you want to use conflicts with a network server command name.
The network server automatically numbers connections for you. Several commands use these numbers to identify connections, and you can display them using the where command described later in this chapter.
If you use a host name, the network server must first find the corresponding Internet address. To find this address, the network server searches its host-name-to-address cache. If the name is not in the cache, the network server uses a dynamic name lookup method. This method enables the network server to query a set of server hosts for the address.
As an option, you can specify a decimal TCP port number after the host name or Internet address when starting a Telnet connection. Normally, the network server uses the default Telnet server port, port number 23 (decimal).
After the network server determines the Internet address, or if you specify the address directly, the network server attempts to connect with the Telnet server port at that address. If the connection attempt fails, the network server displays a message to that effect and returns to the EXEC interpreter.
If the connection attempt succeeds, you can communicate with the server host as a terminal of that host. When you log off the host, the network server returns to the EXEC interpreter.
To connect to a host named router-1, type that name at the prompt, as seen in this example.
Router> router-1
This example illustrates how to connect to a router with IP address 103.81.25.2:
Router> connect 103.81.25.2
The network server provides an escape sequence with which you can leave a Telnet connection without terminating it and return to the EXEC interpreter. This allows you to have any number of concurrent Telnet connections open and to switch back and forth between them. Follow these steps to switch between connections:
Step 1: Type the escape sequence, which is usually the default key sequence Ctrl-^ X. This sequence is entered by pressing the Ctrl and ^ keys simultaneously, letting go, then pressing the X key.
Step 2: At the system command prompt, type the command to open another connection.
To make a new connection, use the procedure described in the previous section, "Making Telnet Connections." To return to an existing connection, use the resume command. Use the where command to show your open connections.
You can change the first part of the escape sequence with the escape-character command; see the section "Setting the Escape Character" in the "Configuring the System" chapter of this manual.
Use the following command to get a listing of connections:
whereThis command displays information about open connections associated with the current terminal line, as seen in the example that follows.
Router> where
Conn Host Address Byte Idle Conn Name
1 DREGGS 130.106.19.50 0 0 DREGGS
2 EMBER 130.106.20.33 0 0 EMBER
* 3 CLASH 130.106.21.24 0 0 CLASH
The information includes the connection number, host name, address, number of characters waiting to be sent to the terminal, idle time, and connection name. An asterisk (*) indicates the current connection.
Use the EXEC resume command to resume a connection. This command has the following syntax:
resume [connection]This command provides three ways to resume a previous connection:
The where command provides the connection number.
The following examples demonstrate use of the resume command.
This command resumes connection 2:
Router> resume 2
You also can omit the command name and simply type the connection number to resume that connection. This example resumes connection 3:
Router> 3
To resume the most recent connection, press the Return key.
To name a connection, use the following command:
name-connectionThis command assigns a logical name to a connection. The EXEC prompts for the connection number and name to assign when you enter this command. The where command displays a list of the assigned logical connection names.
To exit a session, use one of the following commands:
exitThe exit and quit commands terminate the incoming connection and all outgoing connections from the network server. Enter one of these commands when you are finished with all sessions.
To disconnect from a specified connection, use the following command:
disconnect [connection]The optional argument connection is a connection name or number; the default is the current connection.
Do not use the disconnect command to end a session. Instead, log off the host, thus allowing the host to initiate the disconnect. If you cannot log off the host, use the
disconnect command.
To reset a terminal line, use the following privileged EXEC command:
clear line line-numberThis command aborts any connections, terminates the associated processes, and resets the data structures associated with a terminal line.
The argument line-number specifies the terminal line number.
The Cisco Telnet software supports special Telnet commands in the form of Telnet sequences that map generic terminal control functions to operating system-specific functions.
To issue a special Telnet command, type the escape sequence (usually Ctrl-^) and then a command character. You can type the command character either as you hold down Ctrl or with Ctrl released, and you can type either uppercase or lowercase letters.
Table 1-1 lists the special Telnet commands.
| Command Name | Command Characters |
|---|---|
| Break | Ctrl-^, B |
| Interrupt Process (IP) | Ctrl-^, C |
| Erase Character (EC) | Ctrl-^, H |
| Abort Output (AO) | Ctrl-^, O |
| Are You There? (AYT) | Ctrl-^, T |
| Erase Line (EL) | Ctrl-^, U |
At any time during an active Telnet session, you can list the Telnet commands by typing this command at the system prompt:
Ctrl ^ ?This is done by typing the escape sequence followed by a question mark. This command displays an online table of the special Telnet commands, for quick reference.
A sample of this table follows (the Ctrl key is represented by the first ^ character).
[Special telnet escape help] ^^B sends telnet BREAK ^^C sends telnet IP ^^H sends telnet EC ^^O sends telnet AO ^^T sends telnet AYT ^^U sends telnet EL
In addition to the console terminal, each network server supports up to five incoming Telnet connections. Each of these connections can start an EXEC interpreter process on the network server.
The user of an incoming Telnet connection can gain access to the privileged EXEC commands through the enable command, which requires a password. With access to the complete EXEC command set, the incoming connection acts as a remote console. A remote console connection provides a convenient way to monitor and adjust network server operation.
You can control access to the network server with access lists; see the section "Configuring IP Access Lists" in the "Routing IP" chapter of this manual for more information.
The network server supports the following Telnet options:
The commonly used DEC commands that follow are supported on Cisco systems.
Use this help command to obtain information about LAT EXEC commands:
hUse this logout command to exit LAT EXEC mode and free the line:
loTo show the status of a TCP connection, enter this EXEC command:
show tcp [line-number]The show tcp command displays the status of all TCP connections. Specify the optional argument line-number in octal to display the status of the TCP connections for a particular line. The following example shows the command output:
con0 (console terminal), connection 1 to host MATHOM Connection state is ESTAB, I/O status: 1, unread input bytes: 1 Local host: 192.31.7.18, 33537 Foreign host: 192.31.7.17, 23 Enqueued packets for retransmit: 0, input: 0, saved: 0 Event Timers (current time is 2043535532): Timer: Retrans TimeWait AckHold SendWnd KeepAlive Starts: 69 0 69 0 0 Wakeups: 5 0 1 0 0 Next: 2043536089 0 0 0 0 iss: 2043207208 snduna: 2043211083 sndnxt: 2043211483 sndwnd: 1344 irs: 3447586816 rcvnxt: 3447586900 rcvwnd: 2144 delrcvwnd: 83 RTTO: 565 ms, RTV: 233 ms, KRTT: 0 ms, minRTT: 68 ms, maxRTT: 1900 ms ACK hold: 282 ms Datagrams (max data segment is 536 bytes): Rcvd: 106 (out of order: 0), with data: 71, total data bytes: 83 Sent: 96 (retransmit: 5), with data: 92, total data bytes: 4678
To show the current active sessions, use the following command:
show sessionsThe show sessions command provides information about open Telnet connections. This command can be run at the user-level prompt.
The show users and systat EXEC commands display information about the active lines of the network server, including the line number, connection names, and terminal location.
show users [all]Specify the optional keyword all to display information for both active and inactive lines. These commands enable monitoring of virtual terminal use. You can issue these commands at the user-level prompt. They are synonymous.
The following sections describe how to change the terminal parameters using the terminal commands. The new settings temporarily override those made with the line configuration subcommands described in the section "Configuring Console and Virtual Terminal Lines" in the "Configuring the System" chapter of this manual.
To obtain information about the terminal configuration parameter settings for the current terminal line, use the show terminal command. To display information about the active ports of the server, use the show users command. The information displayed includes the line number, connection name, idle time, and terminal location.
Some terminal commands use the decimal representation of an ASCII character as an argument. The appendix "ASCII Character Set" provides ASCII-to-decimal conversion information.
To display a list of commands that you can enter to change the hardware and software parameters of the current terminal line, use the command:
terminal ?Each command has a no variation that undoes the local setting.
To set or unset the number of lines on the screen of the current terminal, use the terminal length command:
terminal length screen-lengthThe argument screen-length is the desired number of lines.
The server uses this value to determine when to pause during multiple-screen output. The default length is 24 lines. A value of zero disables pausing between screens of output. The screen length specified can be learned by hosts.
To set or remove the escape character for the current terminal line, use the terminal escape-character command:
terminal escape-character decimal-numberThe argument decimal-number is the ASCII decimal representation of the desired escape character or an escape sequence (Ctrl-P, for example). Typing the escape character followed by the X key returns you to the EXEC when you are connected to another computer. The default escape character is Ctrl-^ X. (The appendix "ASCII Character Set" provides a list of ASCII characters.)
The operating software interprets the Break key on the console as an attempt to halt the system.
This example sets Ctrl-P as the escape character:
Router> terminal escape-character 17
To display the debug message on the console and terminals, use the terminal monitor command:
terminal monitorThe terminal monitor command copies debug command output and system error messages to the current terminal as well as to the console terminal.
To use this command, you must first issue the enable command and enter the password to access the privileged command mode.
To establish input notification, use the terminal notify command:
terminal notifyWhen you have multiple concurrent connections, you may want to know when output is pending on a connection other than the current connection. For example, you may want to know when another connection receives mail or a message. The terminal notify command causes the router to notify you of pending output. The terminal no notify command ends such notifications.
To set the character padding on the current terminal line, use the terminal padding commands:
terminal padding decimal-number countThe argument decimal-number is the ASCII decimal representation of the character. The argument count is the number of NULL bytes sent after that character. (The appendix "ASCII Character Set" provides a list of the ASCII characters.)
The terminal no padding command ends this padding.
This example pads RETURNS (ASCII character 25) with 20 NULL bytes:
Router> terminal padding 25 20
To display the configuration parameter settings for the current terminal, use this EXEC command:
show terminalThis command can be issued at the user-level prompt.
The number of significant bits for characters passed in EXEC and configuration modes, and for special characters, can be set. Changing these widths allows the use of international character sets.
These settings can be configured globally, by interface, and locally at the user level. See the "Configuring the System" chapter of this manual for global and interface configuration information.
Use the following command to change the ASCII character widths for characters entered at the EXEC and during configuration mode:
terminal exec-character-bits {8|7}This EXEC command overrides the default-value exec-character-bits global configuration command. Configuring the EXEC character width to 8 bits allows you to add special graphical and international characters in banners, prompts, and so forth. When the user exits the system, the character width is reset to the default value established by the global configuration command. See the sections "Setting Default Widths for International Characters Sets" and "Setting Widths for International Character Sets for the Interface" in the "Configuring the System" chapter of this manual for more information.
command.
This example temporarily configures a router to use a full 8-bit user interface for system banners and prompts. This allows the use of additional graphical and international characters.
gw> terminal exec-character-bits 8
Use the following command to temporarily change the ASCII character widths to accept special characters typed in during data connection:
terminal special-character-bits {8|7}The terminal special-character-bits command temporarily allows the server to support international character sets. It overrides the default-value special-character-bits global configuration command and is used to compare character sets typed by the user with the special character available during a data connection. Special characters include software flow control and escape characters. Configuring the width to 8 allows you to use twice as many special characters as with the 7-bit setting. When the user exits the system, the command is reset to the default value established by the global configuration command. See the sections "Setting Default Widths for International Character Sets" and "Setting Widths for International Character Sets for the Interface" in the "Configuring the System" chapter of this manual for more information.
This example temporarily configures full 8-bit comparisons of flow control and interrupt characters to allow more special characters to be accepted. When you exit the system, character width will be reset to the width established by the global configuration command.
gw> terminal special-character-bits 8
All Cisco internetworking products include a server that implements a subset of Digital Equipment Corporation's (DEC's) Maintenance Operation Protocol (MOP) for Ethernet interfaces. The MOP server supports the request ID message, periodic system ID messages, and the remote console carrier functions.
The MOP server periodically multicasts a system ID message, which is used by DEC's Ethernet configurator to determine what stations are present in an Ethernet network. The configurator is controlled by the Network Control Program (NCP) command define module configurator. For more information on this command, consult DECnet-VAX documentation.
The Cisco internetworking products use the MOP communication device code of 121. This code has been assigned to Cisco by DEC, although some versions of DECnet-VAX software may report the code numerically rather than with a device name. The Digital Ethernim configurator product also makes use of receipt of system ID messages when building network maps.
The MOP server supports the DEC remote console function. In this capacity, a system manager on a DECnet system that does not include TCP/IP can create a virtual terminal connection to a Cisco router. The NCP commands connect node and connect via are used to connect to the remote console. Due to the nature of the MOP server, only a single inbound connection per Ethernet interface is supported. The MOP server does not contain the mechanisms necessary to support more than one connection at a time.
MOP is not a routable protocol. To bridge the MOP console carrier and system ID functions, enable bridging for protocol type 6002. The periodic system ID messages are sent to the multicast address AB00.0002.0000.
The EXEC command debug mop reports events occurring within the MOP server, including reception of request ID messages, transmission of system ID messages, and reservation and release of the remote console.
To control whether MOP is enabled for an interface, use the mop enabled interface subcommand.
mop enabledBy default, MOP is enabled. Use the no mop enabled command to disable MOP.
To control whether MOP periodic system ID messages are sent to an interface, use the mop sysid interface subcommand.
mop sysidYou can still run MOP without having the background system ID messages sent. This lets you use the MOP remote console, but does not generate messages used by the configurator.
To disable MOP from sending the system ID messages, use the no mop sysid command.
Cisco 4000, Cisco 3000, and Cisco 2500 series routers running Software Release 9.14 support Digital Equipment Corporation's MOP. Release 9.14 supports the following MOP features:
MOP was designed to be used for basic management of network components. It is a special-purpose protocol that does not support many of the features supported by other protocols.
MOP can only be used between systems connected to the same local area network or between systems connected by transparent bridging. It cannot be routed, because it does not have a network layer. MOP does not store connection context information, so only one MOP function can be active on an interface. For example, only one MOP virtual terminal session can be supported at one time.
MOP references a system by its MAC address, which can be displayed by using the show interface command. When referring to a remote system, you may have to specify both an interface and a MAC address.
This section describes how to configure MOP using global and interface configuration commands.
To enable MOP on an interface, use the following interface configuration subcommand:
mop enabledThis command enables all MOP operations on an interface. MOP is enabled by default on Ethernet interfaces and disabled on all other interfaces. Use the no mop enabled command to disable MOP.
The following example enables MOP on interface serial 0:
interface serial 0 mop enabled
If MOP is enabled on an interface, it will transmit a system ID message every 8 to 12 minutes by default. This message is used by various network management tools. Use the following interface subcommand to configure your router to send system ID messages:
mop sysidIf you do not use the network management tools and are concerned about network traffic levels (for example, over slow serial lines), use the no mop sysid command to disable system ID messages. With system ID messages disabled, you can use MOP but the router will not generate system ID messages.
The following configuration disables MOP system ID messages on interface serial 0:
interface serial 0 mop enabled no mop sysid
MOP includes network management software called the network configurator. MOP maintains protocol messages that the network configurator uses to generate a network map, which is a list of the stations operating on a LAN. Every 8 to 12 minutes, a system that supports MOP sends out a system ID message informing management stations of its existence.
Within the system ID message, there is a communications device code that informs the management station of the type of device on the network. All Cisco internetworking products use a MOP communications device code of 121 (decimal).
By default, when the router transmits a request that requires a response from a MOP boot server and the server does not receive a response, the message will be retransmitted after four seconds. If the MOP boot server and router are separated by a slow serial link, it may take longer than four seconds for the router to receive a response to its message. Therefore, you may want to configure the router to wait longer than four seconds before retransmitting the message if you are using such a link.
Use the following command to change the length of time the router waits before retransmitting a message:
mop retransmit-timer secondsThe arguments seconds is a number from 1 through 20. The default value is 4.
In the following example, if the MOP boot server does not respond within 10 seconds after the router sends a message, the server will retransmit the message.
interface serial 0 mop enabled mop retransmit-timer 10
By default, the router will retransmit a request up to eight times before declaring a failure. If you have noisy or congested lines with very high drop rates, you may want to configure the router to retransmit messages more than eight times.
Use the following command to alter the number of times a router will retransmit a message:
mop retries countThe argument count must be a number from 3 through 24. The default value is 8.
In the following example, the router will attempt to retransmit a message to an unresponsive host 11 times before declaring a failure.
interface serial 0 mop enabled mop retries 11
You can interactively boot system software using MOP. This feature typically is used to verify that system software has been properly installed on the MOP boot server before configuring the router is configured to automatically boot the system software image.
To boot an image, bring the system up to the system prompt. Refer to your hardware installation and maintenance publication for the proper procedure for bringing up the router to the system prompt.
Use the following ROM monitor command to boot a system image using MOP:
b mop filename [MAC-address] [interface]The argument filename is the name of the file image that is being loaded. Note that for VMS systems, the file on the host always ends with the .SYS extension; do not include this extension as part of the filename.
The optional argument MAC-address is the hardware address of the host from which you are loading the software. If the MAC-address argument is not included, a broadcast message is sent to all MOP boot servers. The first MOP server to indicate that it has the file will be the server from which the router gets the boot image.
The optional argument interface indicates the interface from which the software will be loaded. If this argument is not specified, a request will be sent on all interfaces that have MOP enabled, and the interface from which the first response is received will be used to load the software.
The following example will boot the router from the file xx-k. No MAC address or interface is specified, so the system will broadcast on all interfaces that have MOP enabled, looking for a MOP boot server on which the file xx-k resides.
System Bootstrap, Version 4.6(1) Copyright (c) 1986-1991 by cisco Systems CSC3 processor with 4096 Kbytes of memory>b mop xx-kF3: 1167860+27556+88156 at 0x1000Booting xx-k from interface Ethernet0 address aa00.0400.9005:!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! [OK - 2008576 / 2572528 bytes]F3: 1963576+44528+168244 at 0x1000Restricted Rights LegendUse, duplication, or disclosure by the Government is subject to restrictions as set forth in subparagraph (c) of the Commercial Computer Software - Restricted Rights clause at FAR sec. 52.227-19 and subparagraph (c) (1) (ii) of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software clause at DFARS sec. 252.227-7013.cisco Systems, Inc. 1525 O'Brien Drive Menlo Park, California 94025GS Software (XX-K), Version 9.1(14), Copyright (c) 1986-1992 by cisco Systems, Inc. Compiled Mon 16-Nov-92 17:52cisco 4000 (68030) processor (revision 0xA0) with 4096K/1024K bytes of memory.Processor board serial number 00000076DDN X.25 software. Bridging software. 1 Ethernet/IEEE 802.3 interface. 2 Token Ring/IEEE 802.5 interface. 4 Serial network interface. 1 FDDI network interface. 128K bytes of non-volatile configuration memory.2048K bytes of flash memory sized on embedded flash. Configuration register is 0x0Press RETURN to get started!
You can configure your router to use MOP to automatically boot from a file across the network.
Use the following command to configure a system to automatically netboot a specified image at power-up or when the software is reloaded:
boot system mop filename [MAC-address] [interface]The argument filename is the name of the image file that is being loaded. Note that for VMS systems, the file on the host always ends with the .SYS extension; do not include this extension as part of the filename.
The optional argument MAC-address is the MAC address of the host from which you are loading the software. If the MAC-address argument is omitted, a broadcast message is sent to all MOP boot servers. The first MOP server to indicate that it has access to the file will be the host from which the router gets the boot image.
The optional argument interface indicates the interface from which the software will be loaded. If this argument is not specified, a request will be sent on all interfaces that have MOP enabled, and the interface from which the first response is received will be used to load the software.
In the following example, the system is configured to use MOP to automatically boot from file xx-k at MAC address aa00.0400.9005 on interface serial 0.
interface serial 0 mop enabled boot system mop xx-k aa00.0400.9005 ethernet0
Use the following command to use MOP to copy a system image into Flash memory (note that MOP must be enabled on the relevant interfaces):
copy mop flashWhen you enter the copy mop flash command, the system prompts you for the filename of the software image. You are then asked for a confirmation. You can terminate the command at this point by entering n. If you confirm, and the Flash memory has enough available space, you have the option of erasing any existing files before writing into Flash memory. If no free space is available, or if files have never been written to Flash memory, you must erase Flash memory before copying the MOP image.
You do not need to specify the address of a MOP server; the system automatically solicits a MOP boot server for the specified file by sending a multicast file request message.
The following example shows sample output of the prompts you will see when you enter the copy mop flash command. In this example, the system image xx-k is being copied to Flash memory, another file of the same name is already in Flash, and there is enough memory to copy it without erasing any existing files.
George#copy mop flashFlash file directory: File name/status 0 xx-k [2264000/4194304 bytes free/total] Name of file to copy ?xx-kFile xx-k already exists; it will be invalidated! (Note1) Copy xx-k from MOP server into flash memory ? [confirm] 2263936 bytes available for writing without erasure. This line appears only if the same file already exists in Flash memory
In the following example, the Flash memory has no space available for the MOP file.
George#copy mop flashFlash is filled to capacity. Erasure is needed before flash may be written. Erase flash before writing? [confirm]
If Flash is filled to capacity, the command will terminate. If you enter a y, the erase process will start. If Flash is not filled to capacity, and you enter n after the "Erase flash before writing?" prompt, the copy process will continue.
When you enter commands to erase Flash memory, the system erases every bank of Flash memory. For each bank of Flash memory, an e is displayed at periodic intervals to indicate that the erase process is in progress. The entire erase process takes several tens of seconds, depending on the total amount of Flash memory.
The filename can be in either lowercase or uppercase. If the same file is copied twice to Flash without an intermediate erase, and there is enough available Flash memory to hold the two files, the first file will be invalidated and the second file will become the valid file.
The following example shows sample commands and output for copying a system image named XX-K into a Flash memory that already contains a file named XX-K. In this example, Flash memory is erased before copying the file XX-K into Flash memory.
George#copy mop flashFlash file directory: File name/status 0 xx-k [2264000/4194304 bytes free/total] Name of file to copy ?XX-KFile XX-K already exists; it will be invalidated! Copy XX-K from MOP server into flash memory ? [confirm] 2263936 bytes available for writing without erasure. Erase flash before writing? [confirm] Flash erase: erasing bank 0 .. eeeeeeeeeeeeeee Mop2flash: Loading XX-K into flash from aa00.0400.9005 on Ethernet0 : !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Verify checksum...vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv Verification successful:Length = 1930240, checksum = 0x3461
The following example shows sample commands and output for copying a system image named xx-k into Flash memory that already contains an image named XX-K. In this example, Flash memory is not erased before loading the file:
George#copy mop flashFlash file directory: File name/status 0 XX-K Name of file to copy ?xx-kFile xx-k already exists; it will be invalidated! Copy xx-k from MOP server into flash memory ? [confirm] 2263936 bytes available for writing without erasure. Erase flash before writing? [confirm]nMop2flash: Loading xx-k into flash from aa00.0400.9005 on Ethernet0 : !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Verify checksum...vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv Verification successful:Length = 1930240, checksum = 0x3461
Note that the MOP boot server address (aa00.0400.9005) was obtained automatically. The series of exclamation marks (!) indicates that the copying process is active over the network. The series of v characters indicates that a checksum verification of the file written to Flash memory is taking place.
The following example shows sample commands and output for copying a system image named xx-kf into Flash memory that already contains two images.
George#copy mop flashFlash file directory: File name/status 0 XX-K [deleted] 1 xx-k [333696/4194304 bytes free/total] Name of file to copy ?xx-kfCopy xx-kf from MOP server into flash memory ? [confirm] 333632 bytes available for writing without erasure. Erase flash before writing? [confirm]nMop2flash: Loading xx-kf into flash from aa00.0400.9005 on Ethernet0 : !!!!!!!!!!!!!!Flash: final address 0x3400240 beyond flash range of 0x3400000. Error programming flash memory.
The following example shows sample commands and output for copying a system image named xx-kf into the Flash memory that is already filled to capacity. In this example the image is not copied into Flash memory.
George#copy mop flashFlash file directory: File name/status 0 XX-K [deleted] 1 xx-k 2 xx-kf [deleted] [0/4194304 bytes free/total] Name of file to copy ?xx-kfCopy xx-kf from MOP server into flash memory ? [confirm] Flash is filled to capacity. Erasure is needed before flash may be written. Erase flash before writing? [confirm]nGeorge#
To abort the copy process, press the Ctrl, Shift, and 6 keys simultaneously. The process will stop, but the partial file that was copied before the abort command was issued will remain in Flash memory until it is erased.
When an image has been successfully copied into Flash, the commands show flash and show flash all will provide a list of files present in Flash memory.
For information about booting from Flash memory, see the section "Automatically Booting from Flash Memory" on page 4-16 of the Release 9.1 Router Products Configuration and Reference publication.
Using MOP on your device, you can create a virtual terminal connection to a router. This allows you to execute all router commands as if your device were connected to the router console.
To support remote management, set a password on the incoming virtual terminal (VTY) lines or enable TACACS on the line. For more information, see "Establishing Passwords and System Security" in Chapter 4 of the Router Products Configuration and Reference publication.
To initiate a MOP session, you must use services of the operating system running on your boot server. For the VMS operating system, use the connect node or connect via commands under the NCP program. Consult your operating system documentation for more information.
The following example shows a connection being established from a VMS system to a router.
$RUN SYS$SYSTEM:NCPNCP>CONN VIA SVA-0 PHYSICAL ADDRESS 00-00-0C-04-05-06Console connected (press CTRL/D when finished)User Access VerificationPassword: router>show hardware4000 Software (XX-K), Version 9.14(1)Copyright (c) 1986-1992 by cisco Systems, Inc.Compiled Fri 04-Dec-92 17:09System Bootstrap, Version 4.6(1), SOFTWAREpisa uptime is 1 day, 16 hours, 57 minutesSystem restarted by reloadSystem image file is "dit/xx-k.91s", booted via flashcisco 4000 (68030) processor (revision 0xA0) with 4096K/1024K bytes of memory.Processor board serial number 00000076DDN X.25 software.Bridging software.1 Ethernet/IEEE 802.3 interface.2 Token Ring/IEEE 802.5 interface.128K bytes of non-volatile configuration memory.2048K bytes of flash memory sized on embedded flash.Configuration register is 0x0router>^dNCP>EXIT
The EXEC command debug mop reports events occurring on the MOP server, including request ID messages received, system ID messages transmitted, and the reservation and release of the remote console. This command can be used to debug problems encountered when attempting to connect to a router using MOP.
The following example shows debug output while a user is connecting to a router using MOP.
muddy-river#debug mopMOP event debugging is on muddy-river# MOP: Reserving console for aa00.0400.9005 MOP(Ethernet0): Got request_id message from aa00.0400.9005 MOP(Ethernet0): Sending sysid message to aa00.0400.9005 MOP: Console released by aa00.0400.9005
This section alphabetically lists the EXEC commands described in this chapter.
clear line line-number
Aborts connections and processes and resets the line. Argument line-number specifies the line.
{connect|telnet} [connection]
Either of the commands connects to a remote host using the Telnet protocol. The optional argument connection specifies a host name or an IP address.
Ctrl ^ ?
Lists the special Telnet commands in the form of Telnet sequences that map generic terminal control functions to operating system-specific functions. Type this command at the system prompt.
disconnect [connection]
Closes the specified connection. The optional argument connection is a connection name or number; the default is the current connection.
exit
quit
Either of these commands terminates the EXEC command processor and closes any active Telnet sessions.
name-connection
Assigns a logical name to a connection. The EXEC prompts for the connection number and name to assign when you enter this command.
resume [connection]
Resumes a connection. The optional argument connection is a connection name or number.
show sessions
Provides information about open Telnet connections.
show tcp [line-number]
Displays the status of all TCP connections. Specify the optional argument line-number in octal to display the status of the TCP connections for a particular line.
show terminal
Displays information about the terminal configuration parameter settings for the current terminal line and the active ports of the server. The optional keyword all requests information for both active and inactive ports.
show users [all]
systat [all]
Displays information about active lines. The optional all keyword provides information about inactive as well as active ports.
terminal ?
Lists commands you can enter to change hardware and software parameters of the current line.
terminal [no] escape-character decimal-number
Sets the escape character for the current terminal line. The argument decimal-number is either the ASCII decimal representation of the desired escape character or an escape sequence. The default escape character is Ctrl-^ X. The no version of the command removes the specified escape character for the current terminal line.
terminal exec-character-bits {8|7}
Changes the ASCII character widths for characters entered at the EXEC and during configuration mode.
terminal [no] length screen-length
Sets the length of the terminal to screen-length lines. The default length is 24 lines. The no version of the command unsets the number of lines.
terminal [no] monitor
Displays the debug message on the console and terminals. It copies debug command output and system error messages to the current terminal as well as to the console terminal. To use this command, you must first issue the enable command and enter the password to access the privileged command mode. The no version of the command discontinues the display of the debug message.
terminal [no] notify
Enables notification to a terminal when output to it is generated on any of its active sessions. The no version of this command disables notification.
terminal [no] padding decimal-number count
Sets the character padding on the current terminal line. The argument decimal-number is the ASCII decimal representation of the character. The argument count is the number of NULL bytes sent after that character. (The appendix "ASCII Character Set" provides a list of the ASCII characters.) The terminal no padding command ends this padding.
terminal special-character-bits {8|7}
Temporarily changes the ASCII character widths to accept special characters typed in during data connection.
terminal [no] width columns
Sets the number of characters (columns) on a single line of the current terminal screen. The login protocol uses the argument columns to set up terminal parameters on a remote host. The no version of the command unsets the number of characters (columns) on the single line of the current terminal screen.
where
Displays information about open connections associated with the current terminal line and provides the connection number.
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