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Reference

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Reference

This chapter contains information about troubleshooting, enabling booting from Flash memory, copying to Flash memory, and cable pinouts. For additional information about the Cisco 2500 series router hardware, refer to the Cisco 2500 Series Hardware Installation and Maintenance publication.

Note The Cisco 2500 Series Hardware Installation and Maintenance publication is available on Cisco Connection Documentation CD-ROM or a printed copy can be ordered separately.


Troubleshooting

The key to problem solving in this system is to try to isolate the problem to a specific subsystem. By comparing what the system is doing to what it should be doing, the task of isolating a problem is greatly simplified.

Troubleshooting might require copying or reloading the operating system image from Flash memory or testing cables. Flash memory and cable information is included in this chapter.

Check the following items to help isolate the problem:

The green OK LED (to the right of the AUX port) should be ON after the system initializes correctly. (See Figure 3-1.)

Figure 3-1 Router LEDs---Rear-Panel View

h1943.gif

Note If an interface is extremely busy, its LED will always be ON.

For more complete network troubleshooting information, refer to the Troubleshooting Internetworking Systems publication.

Note Troubleshooting Internetworking Systems is available on Cisco Connection Documentation CD-ROM or a printed copy can be ordered separately.


Enabling Booting from Flash Memory

To enable booting from Flash memory, set configuration register bits 3, 2, 1, and 0 to a value between 2 and 15 in conjunction with the boot system flash [filename] configuration command.

To enter the configuration mode, while in the system software image specify a Flash filename from which to boot, enter the configure terminal command at the enable prompt, as in the example following: 

router# configure terminal        
Enter configuration commands, one per line.
Edit with DELETE, CTRL/W, and CTRL/U; end with CTRL/Z
boot system flash [filename]

To disable break and enable the boot system flash command, enter the config-register command with the value shown in the example following: 

router# config term        
Enter configuration commands, one per line.
Edit with DELETE, CTRL/W, and CTRL/U; end with CTRL/Z
config-reg 0x2102
^Z
router#


Copying to Flash Memory

Copying a new image to Flash memory might be required whenever a new image or maintenance release becomes available. To copy a new image into Flash memory (write to Flash memory), you must first reboot from ROM and then copy the new image into Flash memory. You cannot copy a new image into Flash memory while the system is running from Flash memory. Use the copy tftp flash command for the copy procedure.

Following is a sample output for setting the configuration register to 0x2101, which tells the system to boot from ROM, but does not reset the break disable or check for a default netboot filename. 

router# configure terminal        
Enter configuration commands, one per line.
  Edit with DELETE, CTRL/W, and CTRL/U; end with CTRL/Z
config-reg 0x2101 
^Z

Following is sample output for reloading the router and then copying a file (called IJ09140Z) to Flash memory from a TFTP server (called server1): 

router# reload        
...
router(boot)# copy tftp flash
File  Length   Name/status
  1   4035664     IJ09140Y
[4035728 bytes used, 158576 available, 4194304 total]
Address or name of remote host [255.255.255.255]? server1
Source file name? IJ09140Z
Destination file name [default = source name]? <Return>
Accessing file 'IJ09140Z' on 131.108.1.111...
Loading IJ09140Z from 131.108.1.111 (via Ethernet0): !
Erase flash device before writing? [confirm]y
Flash contains files. Are you sure? [confirm]y
Copy 'IJ09140Z' from TFTP server
as 'IJ09140Z' into Flash WITH erase? [yes/no] y
Erasing device...  ... erased
Loading IJ09140Z from 131.108.1.111 (via Ethernet0): 
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!.!!.!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!.!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!.!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!.!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 
[OK - 3235932/8 388608 bytes]
Verifying checksum...  OK (0x6871)
Flash copy took 60700 msecs

Following is a sample output for setting the configuration register to 0x2102, which tells the system to boot from ROM if netboot fails, disable break, and check for a default netboot filename. 

router(boot)#         config term
Enter configuration commands, one per line.
Edit with DELETE, CTRL/W, and CTRL/U; end with CTRL/Z
config-reg 0x2102
^Z

After copying the file (called IJ09140Z) to Flash memory from a TFTP server (called server1), the router is reloaded, as follows: 

router(boot)# reload        
...

The system is now ready to be configured to boot from the new image you copied to Flash memory. For more information on the copy tftp flash command, and other related commands, refer to the router products configuration publication

Note The router products configuration publication is available on Cisco Connection Documentation CD-ROM or a printed copy can be ordered separately.


Cable Pinouts

The following tables list the pinouts for the cables that can be used with the 2500 series products:

Table 3-1 Console Port Pinouts (RJ-45)

Pin(1) Signal Input/Output
1 -- --
2 DTR Output
3 TXD Output
4 GND --
5 GND --
6 RXD Input
7 CD Input
8 -- --

(1)
Any pin not referenced is not connected.

Table 3-2 Auxiliary Port Pinouts (RJ-45)

Pin(1) Signal Input/Output
1 RTS Output
2 DTR Output
3 TXD Output
4 GND --
5 GND --
6 RXD Input
7 CD Input
8 CTS Input

(1)
Any pin not referenced is not connected.

The connection of pins between the RJ-45 connector and the end device depends on the type of cable and adapter used. Either a straight or rolled cable can be used. Refer to Table 3-3 for the pinout of a straight and a rolled cable. The Cisco 2500 series products now ship with a rolled cable. Refer to Table 3-4 for a list of the pins used on the RJ-45 connector, the male/female DTE (MDTE/FDTE) adapter, the male/female DCE (MDTE/FDTE) adapter, and the male modem (MMOD) adapter used to connect terminals and modems to Cisco 2500 series products. Refer to Table 3-5 for the cable and adapter configurations that can be used to connect terminals and modems to Cisco 2500 series products.

Table 3-3 RJ-45 Straight and Rolled Cables

RJ-45 Pins Straight Cable
Pinout		 Rolled Cable Pinout
1 1 8
2 2 7
3 3 6
4 4 5
5 5 4
6 6 3
7 7 2
8 8 1

Table 3-4 Pins for the RJ-45, MDTE/FDTE, MDCE/FDCE, and MMOD

Cable DB-25 Adapters
RJ-45 Pins MDTE/FDTE Pins(1) MDCE/MDTE Pins MMOD Pins(2)
1 4 5 5
2 20 6 8
3 2 3 3
4 7 7 7
5 7 7 7
6 3 2 2
7 6 20 20
8 5 4 4

(1)
The FDTE adapter that is available through Cisco is labeled "Terminal."
(2)
The MMOD adapter that is available through Cisco is labeled "Modem."

Table 3-5 Connection Configuration

Cisco 2500 Port RJ-45 Cable Type DB-25 Adapter End Device
Console Rolled MDTE/FDTE Terminal
Console Straight MDCE/FDCE Terminal
Console(1) Rolled MMOD Modem
Aux Rolled MDTE/FDTE Terminal
Aux Straight MDCE/FDCE Terminal
Aux Rolled MMOD Modem

(1)
Connecting a modem to the console port is not recommended. The console port does not have modem or flow control.

Figure 3-2 RJ-45-to-DB-9 Adapter Pinouts

RJ-45 Pin Signal DB-9 Pin
1 RTS 7
2 DTR 4
3 TXD 3
4 GND 5
5 GND 5
6 RXD 2
7 DSR 6
8 CTS 8

Table 3-6 BRI Port Pinout (RJ-45)

8 Pin(1) TE(2) NT(3) Polarity
3 Transmit Receive +
4 Receive Transmit +
5 Receive Transmit --
6 Transmit Receive --

(1)
Pins 1, 2, 7, and 8 are not used.
(2)
TE refers to terminal terminating layer 1 aspects of TE1, TA, and NT2 functional groups.
(3)
NT refers to network terminating layer 1 aspects of NT1 and NT2 functional groups.

fig_1.gif

Warning Network hazardous voltages are accessible in the BRI cable. If you detach the BRI cable, detach the end away from the router first to avoid possible electric shock. Network hazardous voltages are also accessible on the system card in the area of the BRI port (RJ-45 connector), even when power is turned OFF.
Note All serial cables have a DB-60 connector on the router end. The following pinouts represent only the router ends of the cables. Because of the small pins on the DB-60 connector, manufacturing and soldering these cables yourself might be very difficult and is not recommended. In the following tables, serial pinouts for DTE and DCE cables use arrows to indicate signal direction: ---> indicates DTE to DCE, and <--- indicates DCE to DTE.

Table 3-7 EIA-530 DTE Serial Cable Pinout (DB-25)

25 Pin(1) Signal DirectionDTE DCE(2) 25 Pin Signal DirectionDTE DCE
J2-1-- Shield-- ---- J2-8J2-10 CF(A), DCD+CF(B), DCD-- <---<---
J2-2J2-14 BA(A), TxD+BA(B), TxD-- --->---> J2-15J2-12 DB(A), TxC+DB(B), TxC-- <---<---
J2-3J2-16 BB(A), RxD+BB(B), RxD-- <---<--- J2-17J2-9 DD(A), RxC+DD(B), RxC-- <---<---
J2-4J2-19 CA(A), RTS+CA(B), RTS-- --->---> J2-18J2-7 LL Circuit GND --->--
J2-5J2-13 CB(A), CTS+ CB(B), CTS-- <---<--- J2-20J2-23 CD(A), DTR+CD(B), DTR-- --->--->
J2-6J2-22 CC(A), DSR+ CC(B), DSR-- <---<--- J2-24J2-11 DA(A), TxCE+DA(B), TxCE-- --->--->

(1)
Any pin not referenced is not connected.
(2)
The EIA-530 interface cannot be operated in DCE mode. A DCE cable is not available for the EIA-530 interface.

Table 3-8 EIA/TIA-232 DTE and DCE Serial Cable Pinouts (DB-25)

25 Pin(1) Signal DirectionDTE DCE 25 Pin Signal DirectionDTE DCE
J2-1 Shield GND _ J2-7Shield Circuit GND-- ----
J2-2Shield TxD-- --->-- J2-8Shield DCD-- <-----
J2-3Shield RxD-- <----- J2-15Shield TxC-- <-----
J2-4Shield RTS-- --->-- J2-17Shield RxC -- <-----
J2-5Shield CTS-- <----- J2-18Shield LTST-- --->--
J2-6Shield DSR-- <----- J2-20Shield DTR-- --->--



J2-24Shield TxCE-- --->--

(1)
Any pin not referenced is not connected.

Table 3-9 EIA/TIA-449 DTE and DCE Serial Cable Pinouts (DB-37)

37 Pin(1) Signal DirectionDTE DCE 37 Pin Signal DirectionDTE DCE
J2-1 Shield GND -- J2-9J2-27 CS+CS-- --->--->
J2-4J2-22 SD+SD-- <---<--- J2-10J2-37 LLSC --->--
J2-5J2-23 ST+ST-- --->---> J2-11J2-29 DM+DM-- --->--->
J2-6J2-24 RD+RD-- --->---> J2-12J2-30 TR+TR-- <---<---
J2-7J2-25 RS+RS-- <---<--- J2-13J2-31 RR+RR-- --->--->
J2-8J2-26 RT+RT-- --->---> J2-17J2-35 TT+TT-- <---<---



J2-19J2-20 SGRC ----

(1)
Any pin not referenced is not connected.

Table 3-10 V.35 DTE and DCE Serial Cable Pinouts (Winchester-Type 34 Pin)

34 Pin(1) Signal DirectionDTE DCE 34 Pin Signal DirectionDTE DCE
J2-A Frame GND -- J2-HShield DTR-- --->--
J2-BShield Circuit GND-- ---- J2-KShield LT-- --->--
J2-CShield RTS-- --->-- J2-PJ2-S SD+SD-- --->--->
J2-DShield CTS-- <----- J2-RJ2-T RD+RD-- <---<---
J2-EShield DSR-- <----- J2-UJ2-W SCTE+SCTE-- --->--->
J2-FShield RLSD-- <----- J2-VJ2-X SCR+SCR-- <---<---



J2-YJ2-AA SCT+SCT-- <---<---

(1)
Any pin not referenced is not connected.

Table 3-11 X.21 DTE and DCE Serial Cable Pinouts (DB-15)

15 Pin(1) Signal DirectionDTE DCE
J2-1 Shield GND --
J2-2J2-9 Transmit+Transmit-- --->--->
J2-3J2-10 Control+Control-- --->--->
J2-4J2-11 Receive+Receive-- <---<---
J2-5J2-12 Indication+Indication-- <---<---
J2-6J2-13 Timing+Timing-- <---<---
J2-8Shield Circuit GND-- ----

(1)
Any pin not referenced is not connected.

Table 3-12 Ethernet (AUI) Port Pinout (DB-15)

15 Pin Ethernet Circuit Signal
1 CI-S Control In Circuit Shield
2 CI-A Control In Circuit A
3 DO-A Data Out Circuit A
4 DI-S Data In Circuit Shield
5 DI-A Data In Circuit A
6 VC Voltage Common
7 CO-A Control Out Circuit A (not connected)
8 CO-S Control Out Circuit Shield (not connected)
9 CI-B Control In Circuit B
10 DO-B Data Out Circuit B
11 DO-S Data Out Circuit Shield
12 DI-B Data In Circuit B
13 VP Voltage Plus
14 VS Voltage Shield (L25 and M25)
15 CO-B Control Out Circuit B (not connected)
Shell PG Protective Ground

Table 3-13 Ethernet 10BaseT Port Pinout (RJ-45)

Pin Signal
1 TX+
2 TX--
3 RX+
4 --
5 --
6 RX--
7 --
8 --

Table 3-14 Token Ring Port Pinout (DB-9)

9 Pin(1) Signal
1 Receive R1--
3 +5V(2)
5 Transmit O5--
6 Receive G6+
9 Transmit B9+

(1)
Pins 2, 4, 7, and 8 are ground.
(2)
600 mA maximum.

Table 3-15 Asynchronous Breakout Cable Pinout (8-Pin RJ-45)

8-Pin RJ-45 Signal Direction
1 CTS <---
2 DSR/DCD <---
3 RXD <---
4 RXD/GND -
5 TXD/GND -
6 TXD --->
7 DTR --->
8 RTS --->

Table 3-16 Asynchronous-Line Cable Pinout (68-Pin SCSI)

RJ-45 Plug Pin Signal 68-Pin
SCSI (J1)
1 8 RTS 2

7 DTR 36

6 TXD 3

5 TXD GND 37

4 RXD GND 4

3 RXD 38

2 DSR 5

1 CTS 39
2 8 RTS 6

7 DTR 40

6 TXD 7

5 TXD GND 41

4 RXD GND 8

3 RXD 42

2 DSR 9

1 CTS 43
3 8 RTS 10

7 DTR 44

6 TXD 11

5 TXD GND 45

4 RXD GND 12

3 RXD 46

2 DSR 13

1 CTS 47
4 8 RTS 14

7 DTR 48

6 TXD 15

5 TXD GND 49

4 RXD GND 16

3 RXD 50

2 DSR 17

1 CTS 51
5 8 RTS 18

7 DTR 52

6 TXD 19

5 TXD GND 53

4 RXD GND 20

3 RXD 54

2 DSR 21

1 CTS 55
6 8 RTS 22

7 DTR 56

6 TXD 23

5 TXD GND 57

4 RXD GND 24

3 RXD 58

2 DSR 25

1 CTS 59
7 8 RTS 26

7 DTR 60

6 TXD 27

5 TXD GND 61

4 RXD GND 28

3 RXD 62

2 DSR 29

1 CTS 63
8 8 RTS 30

7 DTR 64

6 TXD 31

5 TXD GND 65

4 RXD GND 32

3 RXD 66

2 DSR 33

1 CTS 67

Figure 3-3 shows the DB-25 breakout cable with pinouts for the 68-pin SCSI port and the DB-25 port. Table 3-17 lists the pinouts for the DB-25 end, and Table 3-18 lists the pinouts for the 68-pin SCSI connector end.

Figure 3-3 Asynchronous Serial Interface Breakout Cable Assembly (68-Pin SCSI-to-DB-25)

h4228.gif

Table 3-17 Asynchronous Breakout Cable Pinouts (DB-25)

DB-25 Plug(1) Signal Direction
4 RTS --->
20 DTR --->
2 TXD --->
7 TXD GND ---
7 RXD GND ---
3 RXD <---
8 DSR <---
5 CTS <---

(1)
Any pin not referenced is not connected.

Table 3-18 Asynchronous Cable Pinouts (68-Pin SCSI-to-DB-25)

DB-25 Plug Pin Signal 68-Pin
SCSI (J1)
1 4 RTS 2

20 DTR 36

2 TXD 3

7 TXD GND 37

7 RXD GND 4

3 RXD 38

8 DSR 5

5 CTS 39
2 4 RTS 6

20 DTR 40

2 TXD 7

7 TXD GND 41

7 RXD GND 8

3 RXD 42

8 DSR 9

5 CTS 43
3 4 RTS 10

20 DTR 44

2 TXD 11

7 TXD GND 45

7 RXD GND 12

3 RXD 46

8 DSR 13

5 CTS 47
4 4 RTS 14

20 DTR 48

2 TXD 15

7 TXD GND 49

7 RXD GND 16

3 RXD 50

8 DSR 17

5 CTS 51
5 4 RTS 18

20 DTR 52

2 TXD 19

7 TXD GND 53

7 RXD GND 20

3 RXD 54

8 DSR 21

5 CTS 55
6 4 RTS 22

20 DTR 56

2 TXD 23

7 TXD GND 57

7 RXD GND 24

3 RXD 58

8 DSR 25

5 CTS 59
7 4 RTS 26

20 DTR 60

2 TXD 27

7 TXD GND 61

7 RXD GND 28

3 RXD 62

8 DSR 29

5 CTS 63
8 4 RTS 30

20 DTR 64

2 TXD 31

7 TXD GND 65

7 RXD GND 32

3 RXD 66

8 DSR 33

5 CTS 67

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