|
|
You configure and maintain the Catalyst 5000 series switch by entering commands from the Command Line Interface (CLI). Through the CLI, you can configure and maintain the Catalyst 5000 components. Specific commands are available in each of the two types of commands: switch commands and ATM module commands.
The CLI for the Catalyst 5000 series switch is a basic command line interpreter similar to that of the UNIX C Shell. Command line editing is provided, including history substitution and the creation of aliases.
You access the CLI from a console terminal connected to an EIA/TIA-232 port or through a Telnet session. The CLI allows fixed baud rates. Telnet sessions are automatically disconnected after remaining idle for a configurable time period.
Connection through EIA/TIA-232
To access the switch through the EIA/TIA-232 port, use the following procedure:
| Task | Command |
|---|---|
| From the Cisco Systems Console prompt, press Return. | None |
At the prompt, enter the system password. The
Console>
prompt appears indicating that you have successfully accessed the CLI in normal mode.
|
None |
| Enter the necessary commands to complete your desired tasks. | Appropriate commands |
| When finished, exit the session. | quit
|
A connection through the console port (EIA/TIA-232) displays the following prompts on the terminal:
Cisco Systems Console Enter password: Console> Console> Console> quit
To use Telnet, you must have previously set the IP address for the switch. Refer to the "Configuring the Software" chapter for information about setting the IP address. Multiple sessions through Telnet are possible.
To access the switch from a remote host with Telnet, perform the following tasks:
| Task | Command |
|---|---|
| From the remote host, enter the telnet command and designate the name or IP address of the switch you want to access. | telnet hostname | ip address |
| At the prompt, enter the password for the CLI. The default password is Return unless a password was previously established using the set password command (See the chapter "Command Reference" for details about the set password command.) | None |
| Enter the necessary commands to complete your desired tasks. | Appropriate commands |
| When finished, exit the Telnet session. Refer to Figure 2-1 for a sample Telnet session. | quit
|
Figure 2-1 : Telnet Session
Sample
% telnet catalyst1 Trying 123.236.273.11... Connected to catalyst1. Escape character is '^]'. Cisco Systems Console Fri Mar 10 1995, 17:50:45 Enter password: Sorry. Try again. Enter password: Console> Console> Console> quit Connection closed by foreign host. %
The switch administration command sets are not case sensitive. In addition, commands and parameters can be abbreviated as long as they contain enough letters to be unique with reference to the other commands or parameters at that level. When entering a command, use Ctrl-W to delete the last word typed; use Ctrl-U to delete an entire line. If you make a mistake while entering a command, use the Delete or Backspace key to erase the mistake, and then reenter the command. The escape sequence Ctrl-C terminates prompts and lengthy tasks.
Commands that you enter during each terminal session are stored in a history buffer. Commands in the history buffer may be repeated or edited in a style similar to using the UNIX C Shell. The history buffer stores the last 20 commands entered during a terminal session.
To repeat a recent command:
!! - repeat the most recent command !-nn - repeat the nnth most recent command !nn - repeat command nn !aaa - repeat the command beginning with string aaa !?aaa - repeat the command containing the string aaa
To modify and repeat the most recent command:
^aaa^bbb - replace the string aaa with the string bbb in the most recent command
To add a string to the end of a previous command and repeat it:
!!aaa - add string aaa to the end of the most recent command !nn aaa - add string aaa to the end of command nn !aaa bbb - add string bbb to the end of the command beginning with string aaa !?aaa bbb - add string bbb to the end of the command containing the string aaa
There are two modes of operation: normal and privileged. Both are password protected. Use normal-mode commands for everyday system monitoring. Use privileged commands for system configuration and basic troubleshooting.
After you log in successfully, the system automatically enters normal mode, which gives you access to normal-mode commands only. You can enter privileged mode by issuing the enable command followed by a second password. Privileged mode is indicated by (enable) immediately after the system prompt. To return to normal mode, enter the disable command at the prompt.
The following is a sample session showing entry into privileged mode:
Cisco Systems Console Fri Mar 10 1995, 17:50:45 Enter password: Console> Console> Console> enable Enter Password: Console> (enable)
Context-sensitive help for commands is provided. Type help or ? in normal or privileged mode to see a listing of the commands available in those modes. On selected commands, typing help or ? after a command will provide additional information. In general, command usage, the help menu, and, when appropriate, parameter ranges are provided if you enter a command using the wrong number of arguments or inappropriate arguments.
The ? command allows you to display usage and syntax information about a specific command or to list groups of commands. In normal mode, use the ? command to display a list of top-level commands, as follows:
Console> ? Commands: ---------------------------------------------------------------------- enable Enable privileged mode help Show this message history Show contents of history substitution buffer ping Send echo packets to hosts quit Exit from the Admin session set Set, use 'set help' for more info session Tunnel in ATM Module show Show, use 'show help' for more info wait Wait for x seconds Console>
In privileged mode, use the ? command to display a list of commands, as follows:
Console> enable Enter password: Console> (enable) ? Commands: ---------------------------------------------------------------------- clear Clear, use 'clear help' for more info configure Configure system from terminal/network disable Disable privileged mode disconnect Disconnect user session download Download code to a processor enable Enable privileged mode help Show this message history Show contents of history substitution buffer ping Send echo packets to hosts quit Exit from the Admin session reset Reset system or module session Sets alias for command set Set, use 'set help' for more info show Show, use 'show help' for more info slip Attach/detach Serial Line IP interface telnet Starts a telnet connection from a remote host test Test, use 'test help' for more info upload Upload code from a processor wait Wait for x seconds write Write system configuration to terminal/network Console> (enable)
Designating Modules, Ports, and VLANs
The Catalyst 5000 series switch is a multimodule system. Commands you enter from the CLI can apply to the entire system or to a specific module, port, or VLAN.
The Catalyst 5000 modules (module slots), ports, and VLANs are numbered starting with 1. The supervisor module is module 1, residing in the top slot. On each module, port 1 is the left most port. To reference a specific port on a specific module, the command syntax is mod_num/port_num. For example,
3/1
denotes module 3, port 1. In some commands, such as set trunk, set cam, and set vlan commands, you can enter lists of ports and VLANs.
You designate ports by entering the module and port number pairs, separated by commas. To specify a range of ports, use a dash (-) between the module number and port number pairs. Dashes take precedence over commas. The following examples show several ways of designating ports:
Example 1.
2/1,2/3
denotes module 2, port 1 and module 2, port 3
Example 2.
2/1-12
denotes module 2, ports 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12
Example 3.
2/1-2/12
is the same as Example 2
Each VLAN is designated by a single number. You specify lists of VLANs the same way you do for ports. Individual VLANs are separated by commas (,); ranges are separated by dashes (-). In the following example, VLAN numbers 1 through 10 and VLAN 1000 are specified:
1-10,1000
Designating MAC Addresses, IP Addresses, and IP Aliases
Some commands require a MAC address, IP address, or IP alias, which must be designated in a standard format. The MAC address format must be six hexadecimal numbers separated by hyphens, as shown in the following example:
00-00-0c-24-d2-fe
The IP address format is 32 bits, written as four octets separated by periods (dotted decimal format) that are made up of a network section, an optional subnet section, and a host section, as shown in the following example:
126.2.54.1
If the IP alias table is configured, you can use IP aliases in place of the dotted decimal IP address. This is true for most commands that use an IP address, except commands that define the IP address or IP alias. (See the set interface and set ip alias commands in the "Command Reference" chapter.)
ATM Module Command Line Interface
If an ATM module is installed in the Catalyst 5000, you can open a session with the ATM module. To open a session with the ATM module, use the session mod_num command from the Console> prompt. After you enter this command, the switch responds with the Enter Password prompt. Enter atm as the default password. At this point, you are at the ATM#> prompt, and you have direct access to only the ATM module that you have established a session with.
The ATM module uses a subset of the Internetwork Operating System (IOS) software. Generally, the IOS software works the same on the ATM module as it does on routers. This section explains the IOS software specifically used to configure the ATM module interface.
The Cisco Internetwork Operating System (Cisco IOS) user interface provides access to several different command modes. Each command mode provides a group of related commands. This chapter describes how to access and list the commands available in each command mode, and explains the primary uses for each command mode.
For security purposes, the Cisco IOS provides two levels of access to commands: user and privileged. The unprivileged, user mode is called user EXEC mode. The privileged mode is called privileged EXEC mode, and requires a password. The default password to access privileged EXEC mode on the ATM module is atm. The commands available in user EXEC mode are a subset of the commands available in privileged EXEC mode.
From the privileged level, you can access the six configuration modes: user EXEC, privileged EXEC, global configuration, interface configuration, line configuration, and LANE database configuration. Entering a question mark (?) at the system prompt displays a list of commands available for each command mode.
Almost every configuration command also has a no form. In general, use the no form to disable a feature or function. Use the command without the keyword no to reenable a disabled feature or to enable a feature that is disabled by default. Refer to the "Command Reference" chapter for the complete syntax for every ATM module command and descriptions of what the no form of the commands does.
The user interface also provides context-sensitive help on command syntax. This chapter describes how to use the help system. It also describes the command editing and command history features that enable you to recall previous command entries and easily edit command entries.
You can perform the tasks in the following sections to become familiar with the Cisco IOS user interface:
This section describes how to access each of the Cisco IOS command modes:
Table 2-1 lists the command modes, how to access each mode, the prompt you will see while you are in that mode, the main uses for each configuration mode, and the method to exit that mode. The prompts listed assume the default name "ATM." Table 2-1 might not include all of the possible ways to access or exit each command mode.
Table 2-1 : Command Modes Summary
| Command Mode |
Access Method |
Prompt |
Exit Method |
|---|---|---|---|
| User EXEC | Begin a session with the ATM module. |
ATM>
|
Use the logout command. |
| Privileged EXEC | From user EXEC mode, use the enable EXEC command.
When the Enter Password prompt appears, enter the default password atm. |
ATM#
|
To exit to user EXEC mode, use the disable command.
To enter global configuration mode, use the configure privileged EXEC command. |
| Global configuration | From privileged EXEC mode, use the configure privileged EXEC command. |
ATM(config)#
|
To exit to privileged EXEC mode, use the exit or end command or press Ctrl-Z.
To enter interface configuration mode, enter an interface configuration command. |
| Interface configuration | From global configuration mode, enter by specifying an interface with an interface command. |
ATM (config-if)#
|
To exit to global configuration mode, use the end command.
To exit to privileged EXEC mode, use the exit command or press Ctrl-Z. To enter subinterface configuration mode, specify a subinterface with the interface command. On the ATM module, the LANE client is considered a subinterface. |
| Line configuration | From global configuration mode, enter by specifying a line with a line command. |
ATM (config-line)#
|
To exit to global configuration mode, use the exit command.
To enter privileged EXEC mode use the end command or press Ctrl-Z. |
| LANE database configuration | From global EXEC mode, use the lane database database name command. |
ATM (config-if)
|
To exit to global configuration mode, use the exit command.
To exit to privileged EXEC mode, use the end command or press Ctrl-Z. |
After you log in to the ATM module, you are automatically in user EXEC command mode. The EXEC commands available at the user level are a subset of those available at the privileged level. In general, the user EXEC commands allow you to change terminal settings on a temporary basis, perform basic tests, and list system information.
To list the user EXEC commands, complete the following task:
| Task | Command |
|---|---|
| List the user EXEC commands. | ? |
The user-level prompt consists of ATM followed by the angle bracket (>):
ATM>
To list the commands available in user EXEC mode, enter a question mark (?) as shown in the following example:
ATM>? Exec commands: connect1 Open a terminal connection disable Turn off privileged commands disconnect1 Disconnect an existing network connection enable Turn on privileged commands exit Exit from the EXEC help Description of the interactive help system lock1 Lock the terminal login1 Log in as a particular user logout Exit from the EXEC name-connection1 Name an existing network connection ping1 Send echo messages resume1 Resume an active network connection show Show running system information systat Display information about terminal lines telnet1 Open a telnet connection terminal Set terminal line parameters traceroute1 Trace route to destination tunnel1 Open a tunnel connection where1 List active connections ATM>
1. Although this command appears, it is currently not supported in this software release.
Because many of the privileged commands set operating parameters, privileged access should be password-protected to prevent unauthorized use. The privileged command set includes those commands contained in user EXEC mode, as well as the configure command through which you can access the remaining command modes. Privileged EXEC mode also includes high-level testing commands, such as debug. For details on the debug commands, see the Debug Command Reference publication.
To access and list the privileged EXEC commands, complete the following tasks:
| Task | Command |
|---|---|
| |
enable
[password] |
| |
? |
If the system administrator has set a password, you are prompted to enter it before being allowed access to privileged EXEC mode. The password is not displayed on the screen and is case sensitive. If an enable password has not been set, enabled mode can only be accessed from the console. The password for the ATM module is atm.
The privileged EXEC mode prompt consists of ATM followed by the pound sign (#).
ATM#
The following example shows how to access privileged EXEC mode and list privileged EXEC commands:
ATM>enable Password: ATM#? Exec commands: clear Reset functions clock1 Manage the system clock configure Enter configuration mode connect1 Open a terminal connection copy1 Copy a config file to or from a tftp server debug Debugging functions (see also 'undebug') disable Turn off privileged commands disconnect1 Disconnect an existing network connection enable Turn on privileged commands exit Exit from the EXEC help Description of the interactive help system lock1 Lock the terminal login1 Log in as a particular user logout Exit from the EXEC name-connection1 Name an existing network connection no Disable debugging functions ping1 Send echo messages reload Halt and perform a cold restart resume1 Resume an active network connection rsh1 Execute a remote command send1 Send a message to other tty lines setup1 Run the SETUP command facility show Show running system information systat Display information about terminal lines telnet1 Open a telnet connection terminal Set terminal line parameters test1 Test subsystems, memory, and interfaces traceroute1 Trace route to destination tunnel1 Open a tunnel connection undebug Disable debugging functions (see also 'debug') where1 List active connections write Write running configuration to memory2, network, or terminal2 ATM#
1. Although this command appears, it is currently not supported in this software release.
2. Currently, only the write memory and write terminal commands are supported. The write network command is not supported.
From the privileged level, you can access global configuration mode. For instructions, see the "Global Configuration Mode" section, which follows this section.
To return from privileged EXEC mode to user EXEC mode, perform the following task:
| Task | Command |
|---|---|
| Go from privileged EXEC mode to user EXEC mode. | disable |
Global configuration commands apply to features that affect the ATM module as a whole. Use the configure privileged EXEC command to enter global configuration mode. When you enter this command, the EXEC prompts you for the source of the configuration commands:
Configuring from terminal, memory, or network [terminal]?
You can then specify either the terminal, nonvolatile memory (NVRAM), or a file stored on a network server as the source of configuration commands (see the "System Image, Microcode Image, and Configuration File Load Commands" chapter in the Router Products Command Reference publication). The default is to enter commands from the terminal console. Pressing the Return key begins this configuration method.
To access and list the global configuration commands, complete the following tasks:
| Task | Command |
|---|---|
| |
configure |
| |
? |
The following example shows how to access global configuration mode and list global configuration commands:
ATM#configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
ATM(config)#?
Configure commands:
aaa1 Authentication, Authorization and Accounting.
access-list1 Add an access list entry
alias Create command alias
arp1 Set a static ARP entry
async-bootp1 Modify system bootp parameters
banner Define a login banner
boot1 Modify system boot parameters
buffers Adjust system buffer pool parameters
clock1 Configure time-of-day clock
config-register1 Define the configuration register
downward-compatible config Generate a configuration compatible with older
software
default-value Default character-bits values
dnsix-dmdp1 Provide DMDP service for DNSIX
dnsix-nat1 Provide DNSIX service for audit trails
enable1 Modify enable password parameters
end Exit from configure mode
exit Exit from configure mode
help Description of the interactive help system
hostname1 Set system's network name
interface Select an interface to configure
ip1 Global IP configuration subcommands
lane Configure LAN Emulation
line Configure a terminal line
logging Modify message logging facilities
map-class1 Configure static map class
map-list1 Configure static map list
no Negate a command or set its defaults
priority-list1 Build a priority list
privilege Command privilege parameters
queue-list1 Build a custom queue list
scheduler Scheduler parameters
service Modify use of network based services
snmp-server Modify SNMP parameters
tacacs-server1 Modify TACACS query parameters
tftp-server1 Provide TFTP service for netload requests
username1 Establish User Name Authentication
1. Although this command appears, it is currently not supported in this software release.
To exit global configuration command mode and return to privileged EXEC mode, use one of the following commands:
| Task | Command |
|---|---|
| Exit global configuration mode. | exit
end Ctrl-Z |
Interface configuration commands modify the operation of the ATM interface. Interface configuration commands always follow an interface global configuration command, which defines the interface type.
To access and list the interface configuration commands, complete the following tasks:
| Task | Command |
|---|---|
| |
interface type-number1 |
| |
? |
In the following example, ATM interface 0 is about to be configured. The new prompt
ATM (config-if)#
indicates interface configuration mode. In this example, the user asks for help by requesting a list of commands.
ATM(config)#interface atm 0 ATM(config-if)#? Interface configuration commands: arp1 Set arp type (arpa, probe, snap) or timeout asig ATM Signalling Interface Subcommands atm Modify ATM parameters backup1 Modify dial-backup parameters bandwidth1 Set bandwidth informational parameter custom-queue-list1 Assign a custom queue list to an interface delay1 Specify interface throughput delay description Interface specific description exit Exit from interface configuration mode fair-queue1 Enable Fair Queuing on an Interface help Description of the interactive help system hold-queue1 Set hold queue depth ip1 Interface Internet Protocol config commands keepalive1 Enable keepalive lane Modify LANE parameters load-interval1 Specify interval for load calculation for an interface loopback1 Configure internal loopback on an interface map-group1 Configure static map group mtu Set the interface Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) no Negate a command or set its defaults priority-group1 Assign a priority group to an interface shutdown Shutdown the selected interface snmp Modify SNMP interface parameters sscop SSCOP Interface Subcommands transmit-interface1 Assign a transmit interface to a receive-only interface tx-queue-limit1 Configure card level transmit queue limit ATM(config-if)# 1. Although this command appears, it is currently not supported in this software release.
To exit interface configuration mode and return to global configuration mode, enter the exit command. To exit configuration mode and return to privileged EXEC mode, use the end command or press Ctrl-Z.
Line configuration commands modify the operation of a terminal line. Line configuration commands always follow a line command, which defines a line number. These commands are generally used to change terminal parameter settings either on a line-by-line basis or for a range of lines.
To access and list the virtual terminal line configuration commands, complete the following tasks:
| Task | Command |
|---|---|
| |
line {vty} line-number [ending-line-number]1 |
| |
? |
The following example shows how to enter line configuration mode for virtual terminal line 3 and list the line configuration commands. The new prompt
ATM (config-line)#
indicates line configuration mode.
ATM(config)#line 0 4
ATM(config-line)#?
Line configuration commands:
access-class1 Filter connections based on an IP access list
autocommand Automatically execute an EXEC command
ata-character-bits1 Size of characters being handled
databits1 Set number of data bits per character
editing Enable command line editing
escape-character Change the current line's escape character
exec Start an EXEC process
exec-banner Enable the display of the EXEC banner
exec-character-bits Size of characters to the command exec
exec-timeout Set the EXEC timeout
exit Exit from line configuration mode
flowcontrol1 Set the flow control
full-help Provide help to unprivileged user
help Description of the interactive help system
history Enable and control the command history function
ip1 IP options
length Set number of lines on a screen
location Enter terminal location description
logging Modify message logging facilities
login1 Enable password checking
modem1 Configure the Modem Control Lines
monitor Copy debug output to the current terminal line
no Negate a command or set its defaults
notify Inform users of output from concurrent sessions
padding1 Set padding for a specified output character
parity1 Set terminal parity
password Set a password
privilege1 Change privilege level for line
refuse-message1 Define a refuse banner
rotary1 Add line to a rotary group
rxspeed1 Set the receive speed
session-timeout Set interval for closing connection when there is no
input traffic
special-character bits1 Size of the escape (and other special) characters
speed1 Set the transmit and receive speeds
start-character1 Define the start character
stop-character1 Define the stop character
stopbits1 Set async line stop bits
terminal-type Set the terminal type
transport Define transport protocols for line
txspeed Set the transmit speeds
vacant-message Define a vacant banner
width Set width of the display terminal
ATM(config-line)#
1. Although this command appears, it is currently not supported in this software release.
To exit line configuration mode and return to global configuration mode, use the exit command. To exit configuration mode and return to privileged EXEC mode, use the end command or press Ctrl-Z.
The previous sections described the first level of help available with the user interface. Entering a question mark (?) at the system prompt displays a list of commands available for each command mode. You can also get a list of any command's associated keywords and arguments with the context-sensitive help feature.
To get help specific to a command mode, a command, a keyword, or arguments, perform one of the following tasks:
| Task | Command |
|---|---|
| Obtain a brief description of the help system in any command mode. | help |
| Configure a line or lines to receive help for the full set of user-level commands when a user presses ?. | full-help |
| Configure a line to receive help for the full set of user-level commands for this EXEC session. | terminal full-help1 |
| Obtain a list of commands that begin with a particular character string. | abbreviated-command-entry? |
| Complete a partial command name. | abbreviated-command-entry<Tab> |
| List all commands available for a particular command mode. | ? |
| List a command's associated keywords. | command ? |
| List a keyword's associated arguments. | command keyword ? |
When using context-sensitive help, the space (or lack of a space) before the question mark (?) is significant. To obtain a list of commands that begin with a particular character sequence, type in those characters followed immediately by the question mark (?). Do not include a space. This form of help is called word help, because it completes a word for you.
To list keywords or arguments, enter a question mark (?) in place of a keyword or argument. Include a space before the ?. This form of help is called command syntax help, because it reminds you which keywords or arguments are applicable based on the command, keywords, and arguments you have already entered.
You can abbreviate commands and keywords by using number of characters that allow a unique abbreviation. For example, you can abbreviate the show command to sh.
Enter the help command (which is available in any command mode) for a brief description of the help system:
ATM# help Help may be requested at any point in a command by entering a question mark '?'. If nothing matches, the help list will be empty and you must back up until entering a '?' shows the available options. Two styles of help are provided: 1. Full help is available when you are ready to enter a command argument (e.g. 'show ?') and describes each possible argument. 2. Partial help is provided when an abbreviated argument is entered and you want to know what arguments match the input (e.g. 'show pr?'.)
As described in the help command output, you can enter a partial command name and a question mark (?) to obtain a list of commands beginning with a particular character set. See "Complete a Partial Command Name" later in this chapter for more detail.
The following example illustrates how the context-sensitive help feature enables you to create an access list from configuration mode. First enter the letters co at the system prompt followed by a question mark (?). Do not leave a space between the last letter and the question mark (?). The system provides the commands that begin with co.
ATM# co? configure connect copy
Enter the configure command followed by a space and a question mark (?) to list the command's keywords and a brief explanation:
ATM# configure ? memory Configure from NV memory network Configure from a TFTP network host terminal Configure from the terminal <cr>
The user interface provides error isolation in the form of an error indicator (^). The ^ symbol appears at the point in the command string where you have entered an incorrect command, keyword, or argument. The error location indicator and interactive help system allow you to easily find and correct syntax errors.
In the following example, suppose you want to clear a virtual circuit. First, use context-sensitive help to check the syntax for the command.
ATM#clear ? access-list Clear access list statistical information arp-cache Clear the entire ARP cache atm-vc Clear ATM virtual circuits on an interface counters Clear counters on one or all interfaces host Delete host table entries interface Clear the hardware logic on an interface ip IP lane lane line Reset a terminal line
The help output shows that the atm-vc keyword is required. Next, check the syntax for specifying the type of virtual circuit:
ATM#clear atm-vc ? ATM ATM interface
Enter the type of virtual circuit:
ATM#clear atm-vc atm 0 % Incomplete command.
The system indicates that you need to provide additional arguments to complete the command. Press Ctrl-P (see the next section, "Use the Command History Features") to automatically repeat the previous command entry. Then add a space and question mark (?) to reveal the additional arguments:
ATM#clear atm-vc atm 0 ? <1-4095> Virtual Circuit Number (VCD)
Now you can complete the command entry:
ATM#clear atm-vc atm 0 4096
^
% Invalid input detected at '^' marker.
The caret symbol (^) and help response indicate an error at 6. To list the correct syntax, enter the command up to the point where the error occurred and then enter a question mark (?):
ATM#clear atm-vc atm 0 ? <1-4095> Virtual Circuit Number (VCD)
Enter the year using the correct syntax and press Return to execute the command.
ATM#clear atm-vc atm 0 11
Use the Command History Features
With the current software release, the user interface provides a history or record of commands you have entered. This feature is particularly useful for recalling long or complex commands or entries. With the command history feature, you can complete the tasks in the following sections:
Set the Command History Buffer Size
By default, the system records ten command lines in its history buffer. To set the number of command lines the system will record during the current terminal session, complete the following task in EXEC mode:
| Task | Command |
|---|---|
| Enable the command history feature for the current terminal session. | terminal history [size number-of-lines]1 |
The terminal no history size command resets the number of lines saved by history to the default of 10 lines.
To configure the number of command lines the system will record, complete the following task in line configuration mode:
| Task | Command |
|---|---|
| Enable the command history feature. | history [size number-of-lines]1 |
To recall commands from the history buffer, perform one of the following tasks:
| Task | Key Sequence/Command |
|---|---|
| Recall commands in the history buffer, beginning with the most recent command. Repeat the key sequence to recall successively older commands. | Press Ctrl-P or the up arrow key.1 |
| Return to more recent commands in the history buffer after recalling commands with Ctrl-P or the up arrow key. Repeat the key sequence to recall successively more recent commands. | Press Ctrl-N or the down arrow key.1 |
| While in EXEC mode, list the last several commands you have just entered. | show history |
Disable the Command History Feature
The command history feature is automatically enabled. To disable it during the current terminal session, complete the following task in EXEC mode:
| Task | Command |
|---|---|
| Disable the command history feature for the current session. | terminal no history1 |
To configure a specific line so that the command history feature is disabled, complete the following task in line configuration mode:
| Task | Command |
|---|---|
| Configure the line so that the command history feature is disabled. | no history |
The current software release includes an enhanced editing mode that provides a set of editing key functions similar to those of the Emacs editor. You can enter commands in uppercase, lowercase, or a mix of both. Only passwords are case sensitive. You can abbreviate commands and keywords to the number of characters that allow a unique abbreviation.
For example, you can abbreviate the show command to sh. After entering the command line at the system prompt, press the Return key to execute the command.
The following subsections are included in this section:
Although enhanced editing mode is automatically enabled with the current software release, you can disable it and revert to the editing mode of previous software releases. See the section "End a Session" later in this chapter.
To reenable the enhanced editing mode for the current terminal session, complete the following task in EXEC mode:
| Task | Command |
|---|---|
| Enable the enhanced editing features for the current terminal session. | terminal editing1 |
To reconfigure a specific line to have enhanced editing mode, complete the following task in line configuration mode:
| Task | Command |
|---|---|
| Enable the enhanced editing features. | editing |
Move Around on the Command Line
Perform the following tasks to move the cursor around on the command line for corrections or changes:
| Task | Keystrokes |
| Move the cursor back one character. | Press Ctrl-B or
press the Left Arrow key.1 |
| Move the cursor forward one character. | Press Ctrl-F or
press the Right Arrow key.1 |
| Move the cursor to the beginning of the command line. | Press Ctrl-A. |
| Move the cursor to the end of the command line. | Press Ctrl-E. |
| Move the cursor back one word. | Press Esc B. |
| Move the cursor forward one word. | Press Esc F. |
Complete a Partial Command Name
If you cannot remember a complete command name, use the Tab key to allow the system to complete a partial entry. To do so, perform the following task:
| Task | Keystrokes |
|---|---|
| Complete a command name. | Enter the first few letters and press the Tab key. |
If your keyboard does not have a Tab key, press Ctrl-I instead.
In the following example, when you enter the letters conf and press the Tab key, the system provides the complete command:
ATM# conf<Tab> ATM# configure
If you enter a set of characters that could indicate more than one command, the system beeps to indicate an error. Enter a question mark (?) to obtain a list of commands that begin with that set of characters. Do not leave a space between the last letter and the question mark (?).
For example, there are three commands in privileged mode that start with co. To see what they are, type co? at the privileged EXEC prompt:
ATM# co? configure connect copy
The system provides a buffer that contains the last ten items you deleted. You can recall these items and paste them in the command line by performing the following task:
| Task | Keystrokes |
|---|---|
| |
Press Ctrl-Y. |
| |
Press Esc Y. |
The buffer contains only the last ten items you have deleted or cut. If you press Esc Y more than ten times, you will cycle back to the first buffer entry.
The new editing command set provides a wraparound feature for commands that extend beyond a single line on the screen. When the cursor reaches the right margin, the command line shifts ten spaces to the left. You cannot see the first ten characters of the line, but you can scroll back and check the syntax at the beginning of the command. To scroll back, perform the following task:
| Task | Keystrokes |
|---|---|
| Return to the beginning of a command line to verify that you have entered a lengthy command correctly. | Press Ctrl-B or the left arrow key repeatedly until you scroll back to the beginning of the command entry, or press Ctrl-A to return directly to the beginning of the line.1 |
In the following example, the lane config-atm-address command entry extends beyond one line. When the cursor first reaches the end of the line, the line is shifted ten spaces to the left and redisplayed. The dollar sign ($) indicates that the line has been scrolled to the left. Each time the cursor reaches the end of the line, the line is again shifted ten spaces to the left.
ATM(config-subif)#lane config-atm-address 39.000000000000014155551211.080020 ATM(config-subif)#$-atm-address 39.000000000000014155551211.0800200c1001.00
When you have completed the entry, press Ctrl-A to check the complete syntax before pressing the Return key to execute the command. The dollar sign ($) appears at the end of the line to indicate that the line has been scrolled to the right:
ATM(config-subif)#lane config-atm-address 39.000000000000014155551211.080020$
The system assumes you have a terminal screen that is 80 columns wide. If you have a width other than that, use the terminal width command to tell the router the correct width of your terminal.
Use line wrapping in conjunction with the command history feature to recall and modify previous complex command entries. See the section "Recall Commands" earlier in this chapter for information about recalling previous command entries.
Perform any of the following tasks to delete command entries if you make a mistake or change your mind:
| Task | Keystrokes |
|---|---|
| Erase the character to the left of the cursor. | Press the Delete or Backspace key. |
| Delete the character at the cursor. | Press Ctrl-D. |
| Delete from the cursor to the end of the command line. | Press Ctrl-K. |
| Delete from the cursor to the beginning of the command line. | Press Ctrl-U or Ctrl-X. |
| Delete the word to the left of the cursor. | Press Ctrl-W. |
| Delete from the cursor to the end of the word. | Press Esc D. |
Scroll Down a Line or a Screen
When you use the help facility to list the commands available in a particular mode, the list is often longer than the terminal screen can display. In such cases, a
---More---
prompt is displayed at the bottom of the screen. To view the next line or screen, complete the following tasks:
| Task | Keystrokes |
|---|---|
| Scroll down one line. | Press the Return key. |
| Scroll down one screen. | Press the Spacebar. |
---More---
prompt is used for any output that has more lines than can be displayed on the terminal screen, including show command output. You can use the keystrokes listed above whenever you see the
---More---
prompt.
Redisplay the Current Command Line
If you are entering a command and the system suddenly sends a message to your screen, you can easily recall your current command line entry. To do so, perform the following task:
| Task | Keystrokes |
|---|---|
| Redisplay the current command line. | Press Ctrl-L or Ctrl-R. |
If you have mistyped a command entry, you can transpose the mistyped characters by performing the following task:
| Task | Keystrokes |
|---|---|
| Transpose the character to the left of the cursor with the character located at the cursor. | Press Ctrl-T. |
You can capitalize or lowercase words or capitalize a set of letters with simple keystroke sequences. To do so, perform the following task:
| Task | Keystrokes |
|---|---|
| Capitalizes at the cursor. | Press Esc C. |
| Change the word at the cursor to lowercase. | Press Esc L. |
| Capitalize letters from the cursor to the end of the word. | Press Esc U. |
Designate a Keystroke As a Command Entry
Sometimes you might want to use a particular keystroke as an executable command, perhaps as a shortcut. Complete the following task to insert a system code for this purpose:
| Task | Keystrokes |
|---|---|
| Insert a code to indicate to the system that the keystroke immediately following should be treated as a command entry, not an editing key. | Press Ctrl-V or Esc Q. |
After using the setup command or other configuration commands, exit the ATM module and quit the session.
To end a session, perform the following steps:
| Task | Command |
|---|---|
| Enter the quit EXEC command. | quit |
|
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